September 2023 - Goodlife Pharmacy Kenya

What are the symptoms of a fever?

The body’s actual measured temperature may vary by 0.6°C higher or lower during the day, depending on things like activity level. For instance, it will be higher after strenuous activity. Hormone levels can also cause a fluctuation in body temperature, for instance during ovulation or menstruation. Fever in adults is considered a rectal temperature of over 38.1°C or an oral/armpit temperature of over 37.6°C. In children, these temperatures are 0.1°C lower than in adults.

Aside from a body temperature above the normal range, fever presents with a number of other symptoms. These can include sweating, in addition to chills, and shivering. Pain is common, including headaches and muscle aches. A loss of appetite is also common, especially in conjunction with dehydration.

For adults, mild fevers will usually subside after a few days. However, a temperature of over 39.4°C is cause for concern, and medical intervention is advised. Children under 3 months should be taken to a doctor if they have a rectal temperature of over 38°C.²

What can cause a fever?

Unfortunately, a fever can be a symptom of many different conditions. A fever may also be present as one of the following symptoms:³

Infections such as colds and stomach bugs

Infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, bladder, or kidney

Heat exhaustion

Sunburn

Side effects of medications

Blood clots

Autoimmune conditions such as lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)

Illegal drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine

COVID-19

How to treat a fever?

When it comes to the treatment of a fever, it’s important to note that it’s a symptom and not an illness. It’s part of the immune system’s response to fighting off infection, and as such, treating the fever alone doesn’t treat the infection. If the fever is caused by a bacterial infection, an antibiotic may be prescribed by a doctor.⁴ However, it won’t be effective against viral infections. In such a case, a doctor might prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) such as Cipladon effervescent paracetamol, to relieve pain and fever symptoms.

You should also drink plenty of fluids when you have a fever in order to prevent dehydration and get plenty of rest to help the body recover.⁵ Sometimes your immune systems also need a boost. Consult your doctor right away if you suspect you’re developing a high temperature. Diagnosing the cause early can go a long way in easing your recovery or even avoiding life-threatening situations.
Disclaimer: The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a healthcare provider if you have questions about your health.

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Welcoming a new life into the world is often described as a joyous and fulfilling experience. However, for many women, the period following childbirth can be marked by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and overwhelming emotions. This phenomenon, known as postpartum depression (PPD), is still a mysterious concept, and to date, no one fully understands what triggers it.

Let’s unpack PPD, what it means, stages and symptoms to look out for, and managing measures, all in a bid to understand how we can help someone get through it.

PPD is a type of depressive disorder that occurs in some women after childbirth. It is characterized by a persistent and pervasive feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and emotional turmoil that goes beyond the typical “baby blues” that many new mothers experience. PPD can develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but it can also emerge several months later. It’s estimated that up to 1 out of 7 women is affected by PPD.

This can be experienced in three ways:

Baby Blues: Not classified as severe, most new moms experience postpartum “baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Baby blues usually begin within the first 2 to 3 days after delivery and may last for up to two weeks.
Postpartum Depression: Mistaken for baby blues at first, the symptoms are more intense and last longer. The symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier, during pregnancy, or later, up to a year after birth.
Postpartum psychosis is a rare condition that affects up to 4 new mothers out of every 1,000 births. It usually begins in the first 2 weeks after childbirth and should be treated as a medical emergency. Women who have mental disorders, i.e., bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder, have a higher risk of postpartum psychosis.

While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, several contributing factors have been identified, as below:

Hormonal Changes: After childbirth, there’s a significant drop in hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormonal fluctuations can affect neurotransmitters in the brain that regulate mood, potentially leading to depressive symptoms.
Biological Factors: Changes in the brain’s structure and function during pregnancy and postpartum may play a role in PPD. These changes could impact how the brain responds to stress and influence mood.
Genetic Predisposition: A family history of depression or other mental health disorders can increase the risk of developing PPD. Genetics may influence how an individual’s brain responds to hormonal changes and stress.
Psychological Factors: Women with a history of depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues are more susceptible to PPD. The stress of pregnancy, childbirth, and adjusting to motherhood can trigger or exacerbate these conditions.
Pregnancy and Birth Complications: Physical health issues, such as complications during pregnancy or childbirth, can contribute to PPD. These challenges can increase stress and impact mental well-being.
Lack of Social Support: A strong support system is crucial during the postpartum period. Limited support from family, friends, or a partner can increase feelings of isolation and contribute to PPD.
Body Image Concerns: Changes in body image after childbirth can impact self-esteem and contribute to depressive symptoms.

When should you seek medical or professional support for PPD?